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��粵語拼音�� 喺網度仲刮到啲粵語羅馬字資料

本主題由 南汉 於 2007-12-17 21:34 分類

喺網度仲刮到啲粵語羅馬字資料

 

Wednesday, August 24, 2005

Tòng Sī Süng Cì

 

 

tone  1 2 3 4 5 6
marker  ā â ä à á a

 

Wòng Hok Làu süng Maang Hou Yìn jī Gwông Lìng

Gü yàn sāi cì Wòng Hok Làu,
yīn fā sāam yuet ha Yèong Jāu.
Gū fàan yúen yêng bīk hūng jeon,
wài gïn Cèong Gōng tīn jäi làu.


Mòu Tài

Sēong gïn sì nàan bit yik nàan,
dūng fūng mòu lik bäak fā càan.
Cēon càam döu sêi sī fōng jeon,
laap geoi sìng fūi leoi cî gōn.
Hîu gëng daan sàu wàn bän gôi,
ye yàm yīng gök yuet gwōng hòn.
Fùng Lòi cî hëoi mòu dō lou,
Cīng Níu yān kàn wai täam hön.


Sêoi Diu Gō Tàu

Mìng yuet gêi sì yáu, bâ jâu man cīng tīn.
Bāt jī tīn seong gūng küet, gām jik si hò nìn.
Ngó yuk sìng fūng gwāi hëoi, yau hûng kìng làu yuk yúe,
gōu cüe bāt sīng hòn.
Hêi móu lung cīng yêng, hò cí joi yàn gāan.

Jüen jūe gök, dāi yî wu, jïu mòu mìn.
Bāt yīng yáu han, hò si cèong hëong bit sì yùen.
Yàn yáu bēi fūn lèi hap, yuet yáu yām cèng yùen küet,
cî si gû nàan cùen.
Daan yuen yàn cèong gâu, cīn léi gung sìn gūen.

Saturday, August 13, 2005

Cēotbâan Jiyàu Pàaihàng Bông

 

 

tone  1 2 3 4 5 6
marker  ā â ä à á a

 
1. Fānlàan, Bīngdôu, Nòwāi, Hòlāan (Finland, Iceland, Norway, Netherlands)
5. Gānàdaai (Canada)
6. Öiyílàan (Ireland)
7. Dākgwök, Pòutòungà, Seoidîn (Germany, Portugal, Sweden)
10. Dāanmaak (Denmark)
11. Fäatgwök (France)
12 Öujāu, Bêileisì (Australia, Belgium)
14. Sīlokmànnèiä (Slovenia)
15. Gōsīdaatlàigā, Seoisi (Costa Rica, Switzerland)
17. Méigwök (United States)
18. Hēonggông (Hong Kong)
19. Hēilaap (Greece)
20. Āakgwādōyí (Ecuador)

Friday, August 12, 2005

PixelToy

 

 

tone  1 2 3 4 5 6
marker  ā â ä à á a

 
 
Syllable-by-Syllable Version

Yîn Cëong Jê: PixelToy
Jūen Cāp Mìng Cīng: Öi - Fō Hok
Yúe Yìn: Yuet
Cēot Bân Sēong: Wà Naap
2005 Nìn 7 Yuet Fäat Hòng

Gâan Gäai:
Wòng Yiu Mìng gë duk laap yām ngok bân pàai "Yàn Sāan Yàn Hôi" gäi sìng gūng dâ jou jô màn yìu jôu hap "at 17" jī hau, 2005 nìn jöi cï cēot gīk, dak bit tēoi jïn yàn hëi din wun yām ngok jôu hap "PixelToy".

Yàu Hò Sāan (pīn kūk, gāam jäi), Wù Wing Sī (jûe yām, tìn cì) kwài sâu hap jök, PixelToy dai 1 jēong cùen sān AVCD jūen cāp "Öi - Fō Hok" gïu hôu gïu jo séong sí!

Jūen cāp jûng gung sāu luk jô 18 jëk kūk muk, bāau küt 4 jëk MV tùng 14 jëk jīng côi gō kūk. Tēoi jïn gō kūk "Cûen Yāt Hâu Hëi" hai yāt sâu cùen sān nàam si wu fū bân pàai gwông göu jäi jök dak cāp yām ngok.



Word-by-Word Version

Yîncëongjê: PixelToy
Jūencāp Mìngcīng: Öi - Fōhok
Yúeyìn: Yuet
Cēotbânsēong: Wà Naap
2005 Nìn 7 Yuet Fäathòng

Gâangäai:
Wòng Yiumìng gë duklaap yāmngok bânpàai "Yànsāanyànhôi" gäi sìnggūng dâjou jô mànyìu jôuhap "at 17" jīhau, 2005 nìn jöicï cēotgīk, dakbit tēoijïn yànhëi dinwun yāmngok jôuhap "PixelToy".

Yàu Hòsāan (pīnkūk, gāamjäi), Wù Wingsī (jûeyām, tìn cì) kwàisâu hapjök, PixelToy dai 1 jēong cùensān AVCD jūencāp "Öi - Fōhok" gïuhôu gïujo séongsí!

Jūencāp jûnggung sāuluk jô 18 jëk kūkmuk, bāauküt 4 jëk MV tùng 14 jëk jīngcôi gōkūk. Tēoijïn gōkūk "Cûen Yāt Hâu Hëi" hai yāt sâu cùensān nàamsi wu fū bânpàai gwônggöu jäijök dakcāp yāmngok.

Cantonese Google in Yuetyúe Lòmáji

 

 

tone  1 2 3 4 5 6
marker  ā â ä à á a


http://www.cantonese.org.cn/engines/google/ct-YL/

Friday, August 05, 2005

Dūnggīng 5 Tīn Jijo Yàu Hàngcìng

 

 

tone  1 2 3 4 5 6
marker  ā â ä à á a



Dai 1 Yat

Hēonggông > Dūnggīng

Jīutàujôu 8:30 gēi, jūngńg 13:55 hëoidöu Dūnggīng Sìngtìn Gēicèong. Check-in jīhau hôyí sëiwài hë há, hajäu jīk döu Yùensūk Beams Gāai shopping, yemáan hëoi Yétìnngàam täan nânsâu maanyùe faan.

Dai 2 Yat

Dōu hai Dūnggīng

Jeon wâan Dūnggīng Diksinèi Lokyùen, gäu sìgäan gëwa hôyí jöi jïn Diksinèi Hôiyèong, gēibûnseong sēoiyïu sèng yat, yemáan hôyí hëoi Cùngūk sï ngàuyuk faan máansin.

Dai 3 Yat

Gäijuk Dūnggīng

Sànjôu hêisān hëoi Sausīdaai sik jëoi sānsīn sausī, jūngńg sìgāan fän yāt fän äanjäu gäau, jīhau hôyí hëoi gāsī pôu hhstyle.com hàang háa.

Dai 4 Yat

Sêisâu Dūnggīng

Tâu jūk jīngsàn yìngjïp fāfô daaiwûi, hôyí sīn hëoi Yùetìncūen fāfô daaiwûi fugan gë Cùngmuk sēongdïm, máai sîu yīnfā wâan jue sīn, jöi hëoi Cîncôu jaam cìn kìu bīn bä wâi. Fāfô daaiwûi jīhau hêoi Aprecio yau wâan yau fän, lìn jâudïm cîn dōu hāan màai.

Dai 5 Yat

Dūnggīng > Hēonggông

Làm jâu cìn hëoi FLAGS jök jëoi hau cūngcï, jīhau có ngāaimāan 18:30 gēi fāan Hēonggông, daaiköi 21:55 fāan döu.

Thursday, August 04, 2005

Yuetyúe Lòmáji gë Bīu Diu Fùhôu

 

 

tone  1 2 3 4 5 6
marker  ā â ä à á a

 
 
Yuetyúe Lòmáji gë bīu diu fùhôu

Sīngdiu 1: ā ē ī ō ū
Sīngdiu 2: â ê î ô û
Sīngdiu 3: ä ë ï ö ü
Sīngdiu 4: à è ì ò ù ǹ
Sīngdiu 5: á é í ó ú ń
Sīngdiu 6: a e i o u n


Bīu diu fùhôu gë gëiyīkseot


Yuetyúe 6 gö sīngdiu gë süetmìngtòu

Bākfūng tùng Täaiyèong

 

 

tone  1 2 3 4 5 6
marker  ā â ä à á a



Yáuyātcï, bākfūng tùng täaiyèong hâidou äaugân bīngö lēkdī. Kéoidei āamāam tâidôu yáu gö yàn hàanggwö, nēigö yàn jëokjue gin daailāu.

Kéoidei jau wa lak, bīngö hôyí jîngdöu nēigö yàn cèoijô gin lāu nē, jau süen bīngö lēkdī lak.

Yūesi, bākfūng jau bökmenggâm cēoi. Dîmjī, kéoi yuet cēoidāk sāilei, gôgö yàn jau yuet hai nâsat gin lāu. Jëoihau, bākfūng móu säai fù, wàiyáu fönghëi.

Gānjue, täaiyèong cēotlèi säaijô yātjan, gôgö yàn jau jīkhāk cèoijô gin lāu lak. Yūesi, bākfūng wàiyáu yïngsūe lā.

Yuetyúe Lòmáji is a Romanization system used to write Cantonese in Roman letters. The aim is to standardize spoken Cantonese from the status of a vernacular to that of a literary language. Traditionally Cantonese is written using Chinese characters. But it was decided to use Yuetyúe Lòmáji rather than Chinese characters to promote Cantonese learning. Yuetyúe Lòmáji is slightly modified from Yale Romanization, the current most widely accepted system for Cantonese Romanization.

 

 

Yuetyúe Lòmáji is not an established Cantonese script.

 

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[ 本帖最後由 粵嚟粵掂III 於 2007-12-16 19:36 編輯 ]
本帖最近評分記錄
  • 南汉 粵幣 +10 精品文章 2007-12-17 21:33
大粵   獨立   自由   民主

我係大粵民! 我嚟自廣州! Cantonese! Cantonia!

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裡頭我最感興趣嘅就係聲調嘅標法

 

 

Yuetyúe Lòmáji gë Bīu Diu Fùhôu

 

tone  1 2 3 4 5 6
marker  ā â ä à á a

 
Yuetyúe Lòmáji gë bīu diu fùhôu

Sīngdiu 1: ā ē ī ō ū
Sīngdiu 2: â ê î ô û
Sīngdiu 3: ä ë ï ö ü
Sīngdiu 4: à è ì ò ù ǹ
Sīngdiu 5: á é í ó ú ń
Sīngdiu 6: a e i o u n
 
大粵   獨立   自由   民主

我係大粵民! 我嚟自廣州! Cantonese! Cantonia!

TOP

Cantonese Tones

 

 

Tones are related to music. When you say 「do re mi fa so la ti do」, the tone rises each word up. In Chinese languages like Cantonese, tones are important in conveying meaning. Mandarin has 4 tones, Shanghainese has 5 and Teochew 6. Cantonese has 6 tones. If you think that is a lot, it is really not. It is actually easy for intuitive Cantonese speakers.

It many help to envision these tones drawn out in a diagram. The white horizontal lines show pitch levels, while the blue lines show tones.

 

In representing the tones, the accent mark of each tone is placed above the very first vowel letter in a word, e.g. sêoi (water), hàang (to walk), gwäi (expensive), gëok (foot). Pronounce a word listed next to each tone and then look at the corresponding tone diagram.

 

Tone Mark Contour  Pitch Level  Fu  Si
1 ā Level  High (5-5)   (husband)   (poem)
2 â Rising  Mid to High (3-5)   (bitter)   (history)
3 ä Level  Mid (3-3)   (rich)   (to try)
4 à Falling  Low-Mid to Low (2-1)   (to lean)   (time)
5 á Rising  Low to Mid (1-3)   (woman)   (city)
6 a Level  Low-Mid (2-2)  fu (father)

 si (event)

 

Here are two examples to give you a clear idea of the differences between the 6 tones:

 

fū, fû, fü, fù, fú, fu


夫 (husband), (bitter), (rich), 扶 (to lean), 婦 (woman), 父 (father)


sī, sî, sï, sì, sí, si


(poem), (history), (to try), (time), (city), (event)

 

Tone Mark Mnemonics

The following mnemonics should help create visual associations between the tones and accent marks.

 

 

 

 

[ 本帖最後由 粵嚟粵掂III 於 2007-12-16 19:32 編輯 ]

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大粵   獨立   自由   民主

我係大粵民! 我嚟自廣州! Cantonese! Cantonia!

TOP

粵語羅馬字係我兩年前對粵文羅馬化嘅探討。你同芬對粵語羅馬字有咩意見呢?

粵語羅馬字嘅設計定位係貼近英文拼寫規則同埋現有香港坊間粵音拼法。

 

以下係粵語羅馬字嘅拼寫方法介紹網頁︰

http://input.foruto.com/ocj/yuetyuelomaji/

 

粵語羅馬字示範文章︰

http://yuetyuelomaji.blogspot.com/

TOP

以詞為單位︰

 

Cùenkàu Wàyàn gung gïn, jëoidaai Yuetyúe móngjaam.

 

以字為單位︰

 

Cùen kàu Wà Yàn gung gïn, jëoi daai Yuet Yúe móng jaam.

[ 本帖最後由 desmond 於 2007-12-16 21:29 編輯 ]

TOP

我就主張用而家已經有嘅字母:

 

好處:

 

1、符合書寫習慣,手寫嘅時候比較快

 

2、唔使改電腦

 

3、唔使 upgrade 手機,其它電子設備都可以隨時使用

 

弊處:

 

如果要分清楚每一個單詞(多數都係單音詞),就有可能要喺后便加 1 個或者 2 個字母嚟區分。

TOP

英文單詞係冇標明聲調嘅,都係靠音標(當然,漢字都冇標明聲調)

 

假如我哋都以詞為單位嘅話,喺確定唔會出現同音詞,又或者即使出現同音詞,都唔會令到成個句嘅意思混淆嘅話,都唔標明聲調。

TOP

引用:
原帖由 desmond 於 2007-12-16 20:58 發表 粵語羅馬字係我兩年前對粵文羅馬化嘅探討。你同芬對粵語羅馬字有咩意見呢?粵語羅馬字嘅設計定位係貼近英文拼寫規則同埋現有香港坊間粵音拼法。   以下係粵語羅馬字嘅拼寫方法介紹網頁︰ http://input.foruto.com/ ...

 

我同芬記都支持粵文全面拉丁化(羅馬化)!

 

理由好簡單:全面同中國傳統嘅漢文書寫拉開距離!噉樣做嘅目的唔使我講喇。

 

我對粵文拉丁化嘅觀點係:以香港語言學學會嘅粵拼方案為藍本,對粵文進行全面徹底嘅拉丁化(羅馬化)。

 

點解要揀香港語言學學會嘅粵拼版本?除咗佢喺坊間流傳廣泛,現實層面使用率高之外,最重要嘅因素仲係呢個版本嘅粵拼韻母好「干淨」,冇任何特殊符號喺上高,噉好重要,因為啲特殊符號可以用嚟專一噉標示聲調!

 

聲調嘅標示方法係粵文拉丁化嘅難點嚟,不過可以參照國外粵人前兩年嘅研究成果:

 

 

tone  1 2 3 4 5 6
marker  ā â ä à á a

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

又或者,參照越南文嘅做法(越南語同我哋粵語親緣好近,佢都係六聲調嘅),用 a à   ã á   嚟替代 1 2 3 4 5 6 調。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[ 本帖最後由 粵嚟粵掂III 於 2007-12-16 23:11 編輯 ]

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越南語音系.rar (8.59 KB)

2007-12-16 23:10, 下載次數: 0

大粵   獨立   自由   民主

我係大粵民! 我嚟自廣州! Cantonese! Cantonia!

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序号 越南语名称 汉译名称 汉越语对应中古汉语声调 调值描述 例字
1 ngang 平声(阴平) 清平、次浊平 44,平,长,类似普通话阴平声 ma
2 huyền 玄声(阳平) 全浊平 31,中降,长,类似普通话去声
3 hỏi 问声(阴上) 清上 21(4),低降或低降后升,长,紧喉,类似普通话上声 mả
4 ngã 跌声(阳上) 部分浊上 32/4,中,紧喉且中断
5 sắc 锐声(阴去、阴入) 清去、清入 45,高升,短
6 nặng 重声(阳去、阳入) 浊去、部分浊上、浊入 21,低降,短 mạ

 

 

喺粵語裡頭:1陰平 2陰上 3陰去 4陽平 5陽上 6陽去

 

喺越南語裡頭:1陰平 2陽平 3陰上 4陽上 5陰去 6陽去

 

兩者 1 2 3 4 5 6 調嘅定義係唔同嘅。

 

粵語第1調等同於越南語第1調

 

粵語第2調等同於越南語第3調

 

粵語第3調等同於越南語第5調

 

粵語第4調等同於越南語第2調

 

粵語第5調等同於越南語第4調

 

粵語第6調等同於越南語第6調

 


 

大粵   獨立   自由   民主

我係大粵民! 我嚟自廣州! Cantonese! Cantonia!

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至於標調嘅部位,係喺 a e i o u 五個元音字母嘅頭殼頂,標調嘅次序係 a > e > i > o > u 。

 

 

大粵   獨立   自由   民主

我係大粵民! 我嚟自廣州! Cantonese! Cantonia!

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對於粵文嘅拉丁化,我嘅觀點係傾向於借鑒越南文。畢竟越南文有著過百年嘅歷史兼且羅馬字體系成熟,當代臺語文嘅拉丁化都要以越南文為楷模。

 

越南文係以字為單位撰寫嘅,我都傾向於以字為單位,逐字書寫。

 


 

大粵   獨立   自由   民主

我係大粵民! 我嚟自廣州! Cantonese! Cantonia!

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另外,對於字首大寫嘅問題,可以參照越南文嘅解決方案:

 

----------------------------------------------------------

 

 

Quy tc viết hoa và viết hoa danh t riêng fficeffice" />

 

越語大寫字母和專有名詞的大寫用法規則:

 

 

Quy tc viết hoa

 

 

1)每個句子的第一個音節的頭一個字母要大寫。

 

-Chào bác ! Bác đi đâu ?

 

-Đo này tôi không bn .Tôi đnh v nhà

 

2)在對話體中,每個句子的第一個音節的頭一個字母要大寫。

 

例句:

 

-Mi anh ngi !

 

-Vâng .

 

3)引句中句首的第一個音節的頭一個字母要大寫。

 

例句:

 

-Anh nói : 「Cm ơn Ch!」

 

-Cô giáo hi : 「Các anh ch có khe không

 

4)每句詩的句首的第一個音節的頭一個字母要大寫。

 

例句:

 

Trăm năm trong cõi người ta ,

 

Ch tài ch mnh khéo là ghét nhau .

 

Tri qua mt cuc b dâu,

 

Nhng điu trông thy mà đau đn lòng .

 

L gì b sc tư phong ,

 

Tri xanh quen thói má hng đánh ghen .

 

Quy tc viết hoa danh t riêng :

 

1)越南的人名、地名或用漢越音譯寫的人名、地名,每個音節的頭一個字母要大寫。

 

例句:

 

-H Chí Minh .

 

-Vit Nam

 

-Mao Trch Đông

 

-B c Kinh

 

2)直接音譯的人名、地名,如果是單音節,則音節的頭一個字母要大寫。

 

例如:

 

-B (比利時)

 

-Viên (維也納)

 

-Ch Mai(阿梅姐)

 

如果人名、地名是多音節,則第一個音節的頭一個字母要大寫,每個音節之間可用短連接號「—」連接,也可以不用短連接號。

 

 

例如:

 

-Mianma(緬甸)

 

- Mi-an-ma(緬甸)

 

- Ông Clintơn (克林頓)

 

- Ông Clin-tơn(克林頓)

 

如果是人名或地名包括幾部分,則每個部分的第一個音節的頭一個字母要大寫,每個部分之間不用短連接號。:

 

例如:

 

-Bà Ma –ga-rét Thát- trơ (瑪格麗特.撒切爾)

 

-Niu Đê-li (新得裏)

 

 

3)各種組織、機構名稱的第一個音節的頭一個字母要大寫。

 

例如:-Hi pht giáo

 

 

 

有的組織、機構名稱,除了第一個音節的某一個字母要大寫,其中的複合詞的第一個音節的頭一個字母也要大寫,以表示正規、莊重。

 

例如:

 

- Đng Cng sn Vit Nam

 

-Nước Cng hòa Xã hi ch nghĩa Vit ffice:smarttags" />Nam

 

 

 

4)書籍、報刊、雜誌、文件名稱的寫法,沒有統一的規定。一般來講,第一個音節的頭一個字母大寫,也可以每個音節的頭一個字母大寫,或者每個字母都大寫。

 

例如:

 

-Ng pháp tiếng Vit

 

-T Đi n Vit Hán

 

-Non Nước Vit Nam

 

-Báo Nhân Dân

 

-T ĐIN HÁN VIT

 

文件名稱的每個字母常常用正規的大寫字母。

 

例如:

 

THÔNG TƯ S

 

V DUYT K HOCH …

 

-BÁO CÁO CHÍNH TR

 

 

5)用人名、地名、朝代……作為書名字時,人名、地名、朝代要大寫。

 

例如:

 

-H Chí Minh toàn tp 《胡志明全集》

 

-Hu Hán Thư 《後漢書》

 

-Tam Quc Chí 《三國志》

 

-Ngh An Chí 《義安志》

 

 

6)當句子中出現書名時要用引號,書名第一個音節的頭一個字母要大寫。

 

例如:

 

-Trong tác ph m 「Người m 」ca Goóc –ki…(在高爾基的《母親》這部作品中……)

 

 

7)需要強調句中的某個詞時,其第一個音節的頭一個字母要大寫。

 

 

例如:

 

-Ta nh mãi tên Người

 

-Bàn tay con nm tay M

 

  

8)在單位之間的正常往來函件中,無論處於文中任何位置,當稱呼對方單位時對方單位名稱的第一個字母要大寫,而且還要在之前加一個字」Quý,該Quý字的第一字母也要大寫,以示尊重。

  

 

舉幾個例:

 

...theo yêu cu ca Quý Công ty, ...

 

..., xin chân thành cm ơn Quý Trung tâm...

 

Mong sm nhn được ý kiến ca Quý Ban...

 

 

 

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Disclaimer

 

Yuetyúe Lòmáji is not an established Cantonese script.

 

 

What is Yuetyúe Lòmáji?

 

Yuetyúe Lòmáji is a Romanization system used to write Cantonese in Roman letters. The aim is to standardize spoken Cantonese from the status of a vernacular to that of a literary language. Traditionally Cantonese is written using standard Chinese characters plus about 100 extra characters, which have been invented to represent sounds which do not occur in Mandarin. But it was decided to use Yuetyúe Lòmáji rather than Chinese characters to promote Cantonese learning among the young generation mainly living in English-speaking countries. Yuetyúe Lòmáji is slightly modified from Yale Romanization, the current most widely accepted system for Cantonese Romanization.

 

 

Guide to Yuetyúe Lòmáji

 

 

1. Introduction

 

Yuetyúe Lòmáji is based on features of the following schemes: Yale Romanization, Jyutping, Hong Kong ** Romanization, and Penkyamp. Below is a full explanation of all the letters used in Yuetyúe Lòmáji. It is recommended that you use this guide as a reference whenever writing in Yuetyúe Lòmáji.

 

2. The Yuetyúe Lòmáji Alphabet

 

The key to understanding Yuetyúe Lòmáji is that each letter or each group of letters represents only one particular sound. In English, a letter can represent many different sounds, for example: The vowel sounds in "bear", "lair", "care" are all the same, despite the fact that they are all spelt with different vowel letters. Also, the "a" in "cat", is definitely not the same sound as the "a" in "far", or "share". In Yuetyúe Lòmáji, each letter or each group of letters stands for one sound only. Just remember this: If it rhymes, then it should be spelt similarly. For example: sau (hand), hau (mouth), gau (nine), jau (to go), all rhyme with each other, so therefore they all use the "au" ending.

 

2.1 The Initial Sounds

 

b, c, d, f, g, gw, h, j, k, kw, l, m, n, ng, p, s, t, w, y

As for the consonants, all of the single consonants should be fairly easy for an English speaker to pronounce, but examples of all sounds will be provided. In total there are 19 consonant sounds. Similar consonant sounds have been grouped together.

 

Letter  English Sound  Example
b  s-p-ear   (father), bêng (biscuit)
p  p-ot (aspirated)  pâau (to run), pàngyáu 朋友 (friends)
d  s-t-ar   (to hit), daai 大 (big)
t  t-ick (aspirated)  tâi (to see), tēng (to listen)
j  ca-ts  jou (to do), (to know)
c  ca-ts (aspirated)  cāt (seven), (car)
g  s-k-y  gâu (nine), gông (to speak)
k  k-ing (aspirated)  kéoi (he/she), kéi (to stand)
gw  s-qu-id  gwäi (expensive), gwā (melon)
kw  qu-een (aspirated)  kwàn (dress/skirt), kwāang (frame)
l  l-ight  luk (six), lik (force/energy)
m  m-an  máai (to buy), man (to ask)
n  n-ear  nàam (male), néoi (female)
ng  thi-ng  ngáan (eye), ngà (tooth)
f  f-un  faan (cooked rice), fèi (fat)
s  s-it  sāam (three), sëi (four)
h  h-ello  hâu (mouth), hôu (good)
y  y-es  yāt (one), yïu (to demand/need/want)
w  w-ater

 jōu 污糟 (dirty), wa (to say)

 

2.2 The Final Sounds

 

In all, Cantonese has 56 distinct final sounds that are composed of 54 compound finals and 2 syllabic nasals (m, ng). The compound finals are formed by combining 8 nuclei (aa, a, e, eo, i, o, u, ue) with 8 endings (i, u, m, n, ng, p, t, k).

The p, t, and k endings end in a clipped sound. This means that these endings are never actually aspirated (air is not released from your mouth at the end of the word). Note that this is very different from English, where the p, t, and k endings are usually aspirated.

Below are examples of all the final sounds.

 

2.2.1 Nucleus aa - a (aa), aai, aau; aam, aan, aang; aap, aat, aak

 

Letter  English Sound  Example
a  f-a-ther   (father), wa (to say)
aai  l-ie  daai 大 (big)máai (to buy)
aau  l-ou-d  pâau (to run), bāau (to wrap/bun)
 
aam  f-arm  nàam (male), sāam (three)
aan  aun-t  ngáan (eye), faan (cooked rice)
aang  arn + ng  hàang (to walk), ngaang (stiff)
 
aap  c-arp  kekjaap 劇集 (drama serials)
aat  art  laat (spicy hot), waat (slippery)
aak  ark  baak (white), ngaak (forehead)

 

2.2.2 Nucleus a - ai, au; am, an, ang; ap, at, ak

 

Letter  English Sound  Example
ai  s-i-te  tâi (to see), sâi (to wash)
au  ou-t  hâu (mouth),  sâu (hand)
 
am  s-um  yâm (to drink), sām (heart)
an  s-un  sān (new), man (to ask)
ang  s-ung  dâng (to wait), pàngyáu 朋友 (friends)
 
ap  c-up  sap (ten), yap (to enter)
at  c-ut  yāt (one), cāt (seven)
ak  s-uck  hāk (black), bāk (north)

 

2.2.3 Nucleus e - e, ei, eu; em, eng; ep, ek

 

Letter  English Sound  Example
e  l-e-t   (car), (to write)
ei  s-ay  fèi (fat), bêi (to give)
eu  c-al-culate  deu (to drop), jeu (to chew)
 
em  s-am  lêm (to lick)
eng  s-ang  bêng (biscuit), tēng (to listen)
 
ep  m-ap  gep (to nip/to clamp)
ek  s-ec  sektàu 石頭 (stone), kekjaap 劇集 (drama serials)

 

2.2.4 Nucleus eo - eo, eoi; eon, eong; eot, eok

 

Letter  English Sound  Example
eo  f-ur  hēo (boot)
eoi  oy + ee  kéoi (he/she), sêoi (water)
 
eon  very short oo + n  cêon (stupid/foolish), sèon (lips)
eong  urn + ng  sêong (want to/wanna), léong (two)
 
eot  short p-ut  cēot (go out/come out), sēotsāam 恤衫 (shirt)
eok  j-erk  yeok (drug/medicine), jêok (bird)

 

2.2.5 Nucleus i - i, iu; im, in, ing; ip, it, ik

 

Letter  English Sound  Example
i  s-ee   (to know), yi (easy)
iu  ee + ew  sîu 少 (few), jīutàujôu 朝頭早 (morning)
 
im  s-im  dîm (o'clock), tìm (sweet)
in  s-in  min (face), tīn (sky/heaven)
ing  s-ing  mìng (to understand), jing (quiet)
 
ip  s-ip  yip (leaf), dîp (plate)
it  s-it  yit (hot)
ik  s-ick

 sik (to eat), lik (force/energy)

 

2.2.6 Nucleus o - o, oi, ou; on, ong; ot, ok

 

Letter  English Sound  Example
o  f-ou-r   (to sit), (many/much)
oi  s-oy  hōi (to open), ngoimin 外面 (outside)
ou  s-o  jou (to do), hôu (good)
 
on  on  gōn (dry), hon (sweat)
ong  s-ong  gông (to speak), fông (room)
 
ot  h-ot  hâuhöt 口渴 (thirsty), göt (to cut/to shear)
ok  s-ock  hok (to learn), lok (go down)

 

2.2.7 Nucleus u - u, ui; un, ung; ut, uk

 

Letter  English Sound  Example
u  t-oo  jōu 污糟 (dirty), (bitter)
ui  oo + ee  būi (cup/glass), múi (every)
 
un  m-oon  mùn (door), wûn (bowl)
ung  l-one + ng  yung (to use), tùng (and)
 
ut  f-oot  sāngwut 生活 (life)
uk  c-ook

 luk (six), yuk (meat)

 

2.2.8 Nucleus ue - ue; uen; uet

 

Letter  English Sound  Example
ue  rounded u  sūe (book), jūe (pig)
 
uen  rounded u + n  dûen (short), yúen (far)
 
uet  rounded u + d  yuet (month)

 

2.2.9 Syllabic Nasals - m, ng

 

Letter  English Sound  Example
m  mmm...  m`gōi 唔該 (thank you)
ng  su-ng  ng´ (five)

 

 

3. Cantonese Tones

 

Tones are related to music. When you say 「do re mi fa so la ti do」, the tone rises each word up. In Chinese languages like Cantonese, tones are important in conveying meaning. Mandarin has 4 tones, Shanghainese has 5 and Teochew 6. Cantonese has 6 tones. If you think that is a lot, it is really not. It is actually easy for intuitive Cantonese speakers.

It many help to envision these tones drawn out in a diagram. The white horizontal lines show pitch levels, while the blue lines show tones.

 

In representing the tones, the accent mark of each tone is placed above the very first vowel letter in a word, e.g. sêoi (water), hàang (to walk), gwäi (expensive), gëok (foot). Pronounce a word listed next to each tone and then look at the corresponding tone diagram.

 

 

Tone Mark Contour  Pitch Level  Fu  Si
1 ā Level  High (5-5)   (husband)   (poem)
2 â Rising  Mid to High (3-5)   (bitter)   (history)
3 ä Level  Mid (3-3)   (rich)   (to try)
4 à Falling  Low-Mid to Low (2-1)   (to lean)   (time)
5 á Rising  Low to Mid (1-3)   (woman)   (city)
6 a Level  Low-Mid (2-2)  fu (father)  si (event)

 

Here are two examples to give you a clear idea of the differences between the 6 tones:

fū, fû, fü, fù, fú, fu


夫 (husband), (bitter), (rich), 扶 (to lean), 婦 (woman), 父 (father)
sī, sî, sï, sì, sí, si


(poem), (history), (to try), (time), (city), (event)

 

 

3.1 Tone Mark Mnemonics

 

The following mnemonics should help create visual associations between the tones and accent marks.

 

 

 

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4. Text Sample

 

Bākfūng tùng Täaiyèong

 

Yáuyātcï, bākfūng tùng täaiyèong hâidou äaugân bīngö lēkdī. Kéoidei āamāam tâidôu yáu gö yàn hàanggwö, nēigö yàn jëokjue gin daailāu.

Kéoidei jau wa lak, bīngö hôyí jîngdöu nēigö yàn cèoijô gin lāu nē, jau süen bīngö lēkdī lak.

Yūesi, bākfūng jau bökmenggâm cēoi. Dîmjī, kéoi yuet cēoidāk sāilei, gôgö yàn jau yuet hai nâsat gin lāu. Jëoihau, bākfūng móu säai fù, wàiyáu fönghëi.

Gānjue, täaiyèong cēotlèi säaijô yātjan, gôgö yàn jau jīkhāk cèoijô gin lāu lak. Yūesi, bākfūng wàiyáu yïngsūe lā.

 

 

5. References

 

 

 

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